Legislation

Protect College Sports Act

Updated Oct. 15, 2026. Official = congressional record or official release. Reported = media reports, not yet official.

Status: passed the Senate, waiting on the House. The bipartisan Cruz-Cantwell bill (S. 4668) passed the Senate 77-22 on Sept. 28, 2026 [Congress.gov]. It would create a federal NIL right, cap agent fees, require medical coverage, limit transfers, lock in revenue-sharing limits, override state NIL laws and give the NCAA and conferences limited antitrust protection. The House is expected to act after the Nov. 3 midterms; any House changes would send it back to the Senate [Bloomberg Government] [The Washington Sun].

Key facts

DetailSource
Senate billS. 4668, Protect College Sports Act of 2026 (119th Congress)[Congress.gov]
Lead sponsorSen. Ted Cruz (R-Texas), Commerce Committee chairman[Congress.gov] [Congress.gov]
IntroducedJune 2, 2026, with original cosponsors Sens. Maria Cantwell (D-Wash.), Eric Schmitt (R-Mo.) and Chris Coons (D-Del.); referred to Senate Commerce[Congress.gov]
Senate statusPassed Senate 77-22, Sept. 28, 2026 (Record Vote 250), with an amendment[Congress.gov]
House statusReceived and held at the desk, Oct. 5, 2026. No House vote yet[Congress.gov]
House companionH.R. 9137 by Rep. Michael Baumgartner (R-Wash.), introduced June 4, 2026; referred to Judiciary, Energy and Commerce, and Education and Workforce. No action since[Congress.gov] [Rep. Michael Baumgartner]
LengthAbout 111 pages as introduced; three titles (athlete protections, sports broadcasting, HBCU media program)[Congress.gov] [Senate Commerce Committee]

What's in the bill

Plain-language outline, based mainly on the Senate Commerce Committee's section-by-section summary [Senate Commerce Committee]. Final Senate amendments are noted where they changed a section.

TopicWhat it doesSource
NIL rightsA federal right to earn NIL money and hire agents without losing eligibility or scholarships. Larger NIL deals must be disclosed (Reuters: deals over $600). Division I schools report anonymized NIL data to a privacy-protected database to help athletes judge fair market value. (Secs. 101, 104)[Senate Commerce Committee] [Reuters (via Investing.com)]
AgentsAgents must register; fees capped at 5%; athletic associations keep a public registry and can decertify or fine agents; athletes can sue abusive agents. (Secs. 102–103)[Senate Commerce Committee]
Revenue sharing & the House settlementBars pay arrangements and NIL deals meant to dodge the revenue-sharing cap or disguise pay-for-play; no pay to recruits. Adds a $22.5M retention fund above the cap, plus up to $5M more matched to pay for non-revenue sports. USA Today reports this lifts the cap from $21.3M to as much as $48.8M. Sponsors and media-rights holders must certify NIL deals didn't originate with the school. The cap and retention fund end when the House settlement ends unless Congress votes to extend them. (Secs. 114–115)[Senate Commerce Committee] [USA Today]
Coach pay limitSchools with more than $80M in athletic revenue can't pay coaching staff more than $500,000 from sources other than college sports revenue or athletic donations. (Sec. 114)[Senate Commerce Committee]
TransfersOne transfer without losing eligibility. A second transfer means sitting out a year, with exceptions (head-coach departure, discontinued sport, graduate study, misconduct cases). (Sec. 112)[Senate Commerce Committee] [Reuters (via Investing.com)]
EligibilityBaseline Division I/II rules: academic standards, limits on former pros, a five-years-to-play framework, with exceptions for pregnancy, religious missions, military service and serious injury. (Sec. 113)[Senate Commerce Committee] [Reuters (via Investing.com)]
Recruiting & tamperingAssociations may enforce rules against tampering and inducements outside transfer windows. No mid-season coaching moves: football coaches can't effectively take over another FBS program during the same season. (Secs. 110, 117)[Senate Commerce Committee]
Scholarships & academicsScholarships can't be cut for performance, injury or roster moves; guaranteed for 10 years after eligibility so athletes can finish degrees (per sponsors). No pressure over course or major choices. (Sec. 105)[Senate Commerce Committee] [Senate Commerce Committee]
Medical coverage & safetyDivision I schools pay out-of-pocket costs for sports injuries during college and for five years after; catastrophic coverage; a $60M medical trust fund (can grow to $100M). Federal standards on concussions, heat illness, sickle cell, abuse and hazing. An independent athlete ombudsman. (Secs. 106–108)[Senate Commerce Committee]
Athlete voiceAt least one-third of certain association boards and rulemaking committees must be current or recent athletes; mid-sized conferences must be represented. (Secs. 111, 126)[Senate Commerce Committee]
Antitrust protectionLimited antitrust shield for schools, conferences and associations that enforce the bill's rules on pay, eligibility, transfers, agents and recruiting. A conference or association may designate an entity under the House settlement to enforce the cap (the College Sports Commission's role under the settlement). (Sec. 118)[Senate Commerce Committee]
Lawsuits & whistleblowersAthletes can sue over specified violations, after notice and a chance to fix them; whistleblower protection for reporting violations of the Act or Title IX. (Secs. 119–120)[Senate Commerce Committee]
State laws (preemption)Overrides state and local laws on NIL, transfers and eligibility. Keeps civil rights, tort, criminal, privacy, contract and consumer-protection law. Baldwin amendment SA 6828 changed this section before passage. (Sec. 121)[Senate Commerce Committee] [Congress.gov]
Employee statusNeutral. The bill does not decide whether athletes are employees. (The SCORE Act would have said they are not.) (Sec. 122)[Senate Commerce Committee] [Congress.gov]
Women's & Olympic sports, Title IXNCAA can't lower the number of sports required for Division I or FBS; certain large and mid-sized schools must keep 2024–25 levels of scholarships and roster spots in non-revenue sports. A Title IX savings clause says nothing in the bill changes Title IX. Comparable standards at men's and women's championships. (Secs. 109, 125, 127)[Senate Commerce Committee]
CommissionA bipartisan congressional Commission on the Future of College Athletics to study pay, spending limits, Olympic and women's sports, health and the long-term structure of the sport. (Sec. 116)[Senate Commerce Committee]
Media rights (Title II)Antitrust exemption letting schools and conferences voluntarily pool and sell certain media rights if 75% of FBS schools agree, with rules on revenue sharing, rivalries and support for the medical fund. At least one free local broadcast option for football and basketball. Season and postseason should end by Jan. 8 "to the extent practicable"; protects the Army-Navy window. (Secs. 202–207)[Senate Commerce Committee]
Realignment limits (Title II)Bars large-revenue conferences from merging or poaching schools that have played in a large-revenue conference in the past five years; a large-revenue conference could add other schools up to 19 members per the August summary. Moody amendment SA 6831 changed this section before passage, and reports since then describe a 20-school cap. (Sec. 205)[Senate Commerce Committee] [Congress.gov] [News4Jax (AP)]
HBCU program (Title III)NTIA grants for HBCU broadband, media and sports-broadcast infrastructure; $180M a year authorized for FY2027–2032. (Secs. 301–307)[Senate Commerce Committee]
Domestic athletesA policy statement that schools should prioritize domestic athletes. (Sec. 128)[Senate Commerce Committee]

Sponsors and cosponsors

MemberPartyStateRole
Ted CruzRTexasSponsor
Maria CantwellDWash.Original cosponsor; co-lead
Eric SchmittRMo.Original cosponsor
Chris CoonsDDel.Original cosponsor
Peter WelchDVt.Cosponsor
Shelley Moore CapitoRW.Va.Cosponsor
John HickenlooperDColo.Cosponsor
Pete RickettsRNeb.Cosponsor
Ben Ray LujánDN.M.Cosponsor
John HoevenRN.D.Cosponsor
Michael BaumgartnerRWash.-5House companion H.R. 9137; chair, Congressional College Sports Caucus

Senate cosponsors as listed by the Commerce Committee on Sept. 28 [Senate Commerce Committee]; original cosponsors from the introduced text [Congress.gov]. House: [Rep. Michael Baumgartner]

The Senate vote

Final passage was 77-22 (Sen. Dan Sullivan did not vote). Republicans voted 51-2 in favor; Democrats and the two independents split 27-20. No senator from Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York or Rhode Island voted yes [USA Today].

Voted no: Angela Alsobrooks (D-Md.), Richard Blumenthal (D-Conn.), Lisa Blunt Rochester (D-Del.), Cory Booker (D-N.J.), Tammy Duckworth (D-Ill.), Kirsten Gillibrand (D-N.Y.), Tim Kaine (D-Va.), Mark Kelly (D-Ariz.), Andy Kim (D-N.J.), Ed Markey (D-Mass.), Jeff Merkley (D-Ore.), Chris Murphy (D-Conn.), Rand Paul (R-Ky.), Jack Reed (D-R.I.), Bernie Sanders (I-Vt.), Adam Schiff (D-Calif.), Chuck Schumer (D-N.Y.), Rick Scott (R-Fla.), Chris Van Hollen (D-Md.), Raphael Warnock (D-Ga.), Elizabeth Warren (D-Mass.), Sheldon Whitehouse (D-R.I.) [USA Today]

Floor amendments, Sept. 28

AmendmentWhat it would doResult
SA 6828 (Baldwin)Changes the section on relationship to existing lawAdopted 96-1
SA 6830 (Scott, S.C.)Requires disclosure of foreign financing of college athleticsAdopted by voice vote
SA 6831 (Moody)Changes the ban on certain conference mergers and acquisitionsAdopted by voice vote
SA 6758 (Paul)"To improve the bill"Rejected 1-94
SA 6760 (Kennedy)Limits price increases for college athletics ticketsRejected 42-54 (needed 60)
SA 6805 (Booker)Raises funding limit for post-eligibility insurance and catastrophic injury coverageRejected 49-50
SA 6835 (Booker)Sets certain standards for coaches of varsity teamsRejected 47-52

[Congress.gov]

Supporters

WhoPositionSource
President Donald TrumpHas endorsed the bill and signaled he would sign it.[USA Today]
NCAA (Charlie Baker; Tim Buckley)Backs the bill; urged schools to press the House to pass it unchanged.[USA Today] [The Washington Sun]
Big Ten (Tony Petitti)"Aggressively supporting" the bill and lobbying House members.quotes
Big 12 (Brett Yormark)Says it gets about 80% right; House should take it largely as is.[On3]
ACC (Jim Phillips)14 schools back it; four want realignment changes.[News4Jax (AP)]
Pac-12 (Teresa Gould)Backed the bill's commission to study deeper reforms at the June hearing.[Senate Commerce Committee]
CFP executive director Rich ClarkEndorsed it Oct. 8.quotes
Nick SabanTestified in support at the June 3 Senate hearing.[Senate Commerce Committee]
SEC (Greg Sankey)Mixed: backs eligibility and transfer limits but dislikes the pooled media-rights section; declined to endorse in June.quotes

Opponents and critics

WhoStated reasonsSource
Sen. Cory Booker (D-N.J.)Says the bill serves wealthy coaches, schools and the NCAA, not athletes. His amendments on injury coverage and coach standards failed.[USA Today] [Congress.gov]
Sen. Chris Murphy (D-Conn.)Calls it protection for "a system of exploitation" that suppresses athlete pay; reportedly pushed a collective-bargaining amendment.[AFL-CIO] [FOX Sports]
Sens. Rand Paul (R-Ky.), Rick Scott (R-Fla.)Only Republicans voting no on final passage. Paul argued government shouldn't take control of college sports.[USA Today]
Sen. Tommy Tuberville (R-Ala.)Voted no on a procedural vote, saying "there's too much government involvement in it" (via POLITICO); USA Today's tally lists him as yes on final passage.[AL.com] [USA Today]
House RepublicansReps. Tim Walberg (Education & Workforce chair), Brett Guthrie (Energy & Commerce chair), Majority Leader Steve Scalise, Jimmy Patronis and Neal Dunn have publicly critiqued the bill. Scalise wants changes focused on antitrust protection and has faulted it for not barring employee status.Reported [USA Today] [Roll Call]
Congressional Black Caucus; Leader Hakeem JeffriesCBC came out against the bill in August; Jeffries reiterated that opposition in late September.Reported [USA Today]
NAACP (Derrick Johnson)Says it shields institutions and asks Black athletes to give up rights and leverage; HBCUs deserve direct investment, not a trade-off.[AFL-CIO]
National College Players Association (Ramogi Huma)Says schools could violate the bill's protections and still be immune from damages; one-free-transfer rule punishes players but not coaches.[AFL-CIO]
College Football Players Association (Jason Stahl)Written without athlete input; restrictions fall on players, not coaches or administrators; antitrust exemption removes pressure to bargain.[FOX Sports]
Athletes.org (Brandon Copeland); United College Athletes Association"Protects schools, not athletes"; want collective bargaining instead.[AFL-CIO]
AFL-CIO and pro players' unions (NWSL PA, USL PA-CWA, NLL PA)Say it caps pay, blocks collective bargaining and could undercut Title IX.[AFL-CIO]
Four ACC schools (Clemson, Florida State, Miami, North Carolina)Back the bill overall but lobby to change realignment limits (22-school cap instead of 20; no waiting period to switch leagues).[News4Jax (AP)]

Timeline

DateWhat happenedStatusSource
Dec. 2–3, 2025House rule for the SCORE Act (H.R. 4312) passes 210-209; leaders pull the final vote the next day.Official[Office of the Clerk, U.S. House] [USA Today]
March 6, 2026White House "Saving College Sports" roundtable; President Trump, Nick Saban, NCAA's Charlie Baker and commissioners discuss the SCORE Act and federal action.Official[The American Presidency Project]
June 2, 2026Cruz, Cantwell, Schmitt and Coons introduce S. 4668.Official[Congress.gov]
June 3, 2026Senate Commerce hearing; witnesses include Nick Saban, Pac-12 commissioner Teresa Gould and Utah's Lance Holtzclaw.Official[Senate Commerce Committee]
June 4, 2026Rep. Baumgartner introduces the House companion, H.R. 9137.Official[Congress.gov] [Rep. Michael Baumgartner]
June 18, 2026Commerce Committee orders the bill reported with a substitute amendment.Official[Congress.gov]
June 24, 2026Reported to the Senate; placed on the calendar (No. 449).Official[Congress.gov]
Aug. 5, 2026Cloture motion filed on the motion to proceed.Official[Congress.gov]
Sept. 15, 2026Cloture on the motion to proceed invoked 74-24. Same day: athletes, unions, the NAACP and Sen. Chris Murphy hold an event opposing the bill.Official[Congress.gov] [AFL-CIO]
Sept. 17, 2026Motion to proceed agreed to 77-22; Cruz substitute (SA 6776) offered.Official[Congress.gov]
Sept. 22–24, 2026Cloture on the substitute 70-21; substitute adopted 77-23; cloture on the bill 74-25.Official[Congress.gov]
Sept. 28, 2026Amendment votes, then final passage 77-22.Official[Congress.gov] [Senate Commerce Committee]
Oct. 5, 2026Received in the House and held at the desk.Official[Congress.gov]
Nov. 3, 2026Midterm elections. House leaders say they will take the bill up after the election, in the lame-duck session.Reported[Bloomberg Government] [The Washington Sun]
Dec. 17–18, 2026Reported last scheduled days of this Congress. If the bill doesn't pass both chambers in identical form by then, it dies and must be reintroduced.Reported[On3] [USA Today]

History: from the SCORE Act to the PCSA

Open questions

Related: 24-team playoff plan (the bill says the season should end by Jan. 8 where practicable) · Money hub

What football figures and lawmakers are saying (43)

Maria Cantwell, U.S. Senator (D-Wash.), Commerce Committee ranking member · · 12-team/revenue-sharing (2024-26) · permalink
“But compensation on revenue sharing is probably the most important thing we could possibly enshrine in federal law today. This is [Congress] saying, for the first time, that an athlete gets a percentage of the media rights, the ticket sales and the sponsorship.”
In a Senate floor speech before the 77-22 vote, the bill's Democratic co-lead called codifying revenue sharing its most important piece.
Pay, NIL & revenue sharing Governance & legislation
Cory Booker, U.S. Senator (D-N.J.); former Stanford football player · · 12-team/revenue-sharing (2024-26) · permalink
“This is a bill not about college athletes. This is a bill about wealthy people. Wealthy coaches, wealthy institutions, and an NCAA who's enjoyed unbridled power for decades as we watch discrimination, hardships, injustice, and, finally, athletes started getting some power in the equation.”
In a floor speech before the final vote, said the Protect College Sports Act serves wealthy coaches, institutions and the NCAA rather than athletes. He voted no.
Governance & legislation Employment & unions
Ted Cruz, U.S. Senator (R-Texas), Commerce Committee chairman · · 12-team/revenue-sharing (2024-26) · permalink
“It would be nice if college sports could somehow magically fix itself, but this is a matter of law, federal law, and only Congress can fix it.”
In a speech promoting the Protect College Sports Act, its lead sponsor argued only federal law can fix college sports.
Governance & legislation
Charlie Baker, NCAA president · · 12-team/revenue-sharing (2024-26) · permalink
“Now the bill moves to the U.S. House of Representatives and there is much work left to do to ensure student-athlete benefits are codified into federal law and future generations of young people can access those benefits and use college sports as the launching point for their careers.”
In a statement after the Senate passed the Protect College Sports Act, said work remains in the House to codify athlete benefits.
Governance & legislation
Gary Peters, U.S. Senator (D-Mich.) · · 12-team/revenue-sharing (2024-26) · permalink
“I think the bill is necessary, and it's not a perfect bill. I don't think we'd ever be able to come up with a perfect bill.”
Voted to advance the Protect College Sports Act while calling it imperfect.
Governance & legislation
Chris Murphy, U.S. Senator (D-Conn.) · · 12-team/revenue-sharing (2024-26) · permalink
“What this bill does, at its core, is protect a system of exploitation. This bill protects the billions of dollars that coaches and executives are making by suppressing compensation for some of the most highly valued athletes in the world.”
At a Capitol event with athletes and unions, urged senators to vote no, arguing the bill suppresses athlete pay to protect coaches' and executives' earnings.
Employment & unions Governance & legislation
Derrick Johnson, President and CEO, NAACP · · 12-team/revenue-sharing (2024-26) · permalink
“Instead, it shields powerful institutions from accountability while asking Black athletes to surrender their rights, their leverage, and their voice.”
Said the bill shields institutions while asking Black athletes to give up leverage and the ability to organize.
Employment & unions Governance & legislation
Ramogi Huma, Executive director, National College Players Association; former UCLA linebacker · · 12-team/revenue-sharing (2024-26) · permalink
“This bill is clearly not ready for a vote. Congress should stop rushing it and fully vet these problems before asking members to vote.”
Said an NCPA analysis found schools could violate the bill's protections and still be shielded from liability; urged Congress to slow down.
Health & safety Governance & legislation
Brandon Copeland, Executive director, Athletes.org; former NFL linebacker · · 12-team/revenue-sharing (2024-26) · permalink
“The PCSA protects schools, not athletes. It rolls back athletes' hard-earned rights while protecting the financial interests of the NCAA, its member conferences, universities and coaches.”
Opposed the Protect College Sports Act as a rollback of athlete rights.
Employment & unions Governance & legislation
Jason Stahl, Executive director, College Football Players Association · · 12-team/revenue-sharing (2024-26) · permalink
“This is a bill being made without athletes' input, and it reads like that. It reads like all the restrictions laid out in the bill are almost exclusively put on athletes and not on coaches and administrators.”
Told FOX Sports the bill restricts players but not coaches or administrators.
Employment & unions Transfer portal
Jackson Pruitt, Temple football player; Athletes.org member · · 12-team/revenue-sharing (2024-26) · permalink
“Do not give the institutions permanent legal protection without having independent athlete representation.”
Urged senators not to grant schools legal protection without independent athlete representation.
Employment & unions Governance & legislation
Martin McNair, Father of Maryland football player Jordan McNair, who died after a team workout · · 12-team/revenue-sharing (2024-26) · permalink
“Do not create a federal system that protects institutions better than it protects student-athletes.”
Opposed the Protect College Sports Act's liability structure.
Health & safety
Michael Baumgartner, U.S. Representative (R-Wash.), chair of the Congressional College Sports Caucus · · 12-team/revenue-sharing (2024-26) · permalink
“President Trump is right: college sports are at a breaking point, and Congress needs to act.”
Introduced H.R. 9137, the House companion to the Protect College Sports Act.
Governance & legislation
Charlie Baker, NCAA president · · 12-team/revenue-sharing (2024-26) · permalink
“Because if you want to have a national championship, there's a whole bunch of things where you need to have a national rule.”
At the Women Leaders in Sports convention in Chicago, said the Protect College Sports Act would 'absolutely' make college sports more sustainable, and that conferences can make some of their own rules but national championships need national eligibility rules.
Governance & legislation Eligibility
Dabo Swinney, Clemson head football coach · · 12-team/revenue-sharing (2024-26) · permalink
“So, there's probably some things in it you like, some things you don't like — that's usually the case when you have compromise in agreement. But I think all coaches – I mean, we don't really have any rules right now. We just don't. There's no rules. So, hopefully something good will come out of it.”
At his Tuesday press conference, said he isn't spending energy on the Protect College Sports Act but repeated that the sport has no real rules and hoped the bipartisan compromise produces some.
Governance & legislation
Brett Yormark, Big 12 commissioner · · 12-team/revenue-sharing (2024-26) · permalink
“I think if you can get 80% of it right, we've landed in a great spot. And our goal is hopefully for the House to take it as is. Obviously, that'll require some work and conversation, but that's the scenario we're hoping for.”
On Bloomberg's Business of Sports podcast (reported by On3 on Oct. 12, 2026; episode date not stated), said the Protect College Sports Act gets about 80% of the sport's problems right and, given the post-midterm calendar, the House should take it largely as is.
Governance & legislation
Tony Petitti, Big Ten commissioner · · 12-team/revenue-sharing (2024-26) · permalink
“The bill has already outperformed. I think if you'd have said back in the summer, it could get the support that it got and [be] bipartisan, a tribute to Senators Cruz, [Maria] Cantwell and [Eric] Schmitt for the work they did. … It's already done better. So I'm just going to continue to be optimistic that members of the House will listen to the groups that are involved and take guidance.”
At Big Ten basketball media days (reported by On3 on Oct. 12, 2026), said the Protect College Sports Act's 77-22 Senate margin already beat expectations and that the Big Ten's job now is lobbying House members.
Governance & legislation
Tony Petitti, Big Ten commissioner · · 12-team/revenue-sharing (2024-26) · permalink
“The bill isn't going to stop every possible thing. That's not what it's intended to do. In areas like eligibility, transfer, legislating litigation around NIL, states trying to come over the top of the system, and the settlement, this will clean all that up, and so that's really critical.”
At Big Ten basketball media days, said the Big Ten is "aggressively supporting" the Protect College Sports Act and is optimistic it passes the House, arguing it would settle eligibility, transfer and NIL fights and preempt conflicting state laws.
Governance & legislation Eligibility Transfer portal
Rich Clark, College Football Playoff executive director · · 12-team/revenue-sharing (2024-26) · permalink
“There's a couple things that aren't universally accepted, but I think that—and this is just me—but 80% of it is good. And if you get a bill from Congress, Congress is great. But an 80% where people agree to it? That's pretty awesome.”
On Front Office Sports Tonight (episode aired Oct. 8), publicly endorsed the Protect College Sports Act for the first time, citing its one-time transfer rule, realignment limits and NIL rules; said athletes should be paid within guardrails.
Governance & legislation Pay, NIL & revenue sharing Transfer portal
Clemson University, ACC member institution (official statement) · · 12-team/revenue-sharing (2024-26) · permalink
“Clemson has consistently supported the PCSA while advocating for a narrowly tailored provision addressing conference composition. This critical flexibility would strengthen the legislation without undermining its core objectives. Clemson is not seeking to delay or derail the PCSA. We are working to ensure the final legislation protects the ability of institutions to adapt, compete and succeed at all levels.”
After Saving College Sports branded Clemson part of a 'Gang of Four' threatening the Protect College Sports Act, Clemson said it still backs the bill while seeking a narrowly tailored conference-composition change and is not trying to kill it.
Governance & legislation Conference realignment
University of North Carolina, ACC member institution (official statement) · · 12-team/revenue-sharing (2024-26) · permalink
“Supporting the bill and seeking to improve it are not in conflict. Congress can protect college sports without litigating conference composition, and we look forward to working with the House to get this legislation enacted.”
In a Friday statement after criticism of its House lobbying with Clemson, FSU and Miami, UNC said supporting the Protect College Sports Act and seeking one targeted conference-composition amendment are compatible goals.
Governance & legislation Conference realignment
Michael Guest, U.S. Representative (R-Miss.) · · 12-team/revenue-sharing (2024-26) · permalink
“I think it had to get to the point where it became bad enough in college athletics that Congress finally decided that the NCAA was not going to be able to fix this. This is a problem that is just going to continue to get worse unless Congress steps in.”
Said he expects the House to pass the Senate's Protect College Sports Act without major amendments regardless of which party controls the chamber, arguing Congress stepped in because the NCAA could not fix college athletics on its own (citing LSU's attempt to roster former NFL-signed players).
Governance & legislation Eligibility
Jim Phillips, ACC commissioner · · 12-team/revenue-sharing (2024-26) · permalink
“We have 14 schools that feel really good about it that want to sign it, and we have four schools that have an issue with a portion of it. So that's what I'm going to continue to push towards the decision makers and those that have written the bill to date.”
At ACC Tipoff, acknowledged the league is split on the Protect College Sports Act: 14 schools back it while Clemson, Florida State, Miami and North Carolina want its realignment provisions changed (a 22-school conference cap instead of 20 and no required independence period before switching leagues). He said those schools should get direct access to lawmakers.
Governance & legislation Conference realignment
Dabo Swinney, Clemson head football coach · · 12-team/revenue-sharing (2024-26) · permalink
“First of all, I think the biggest thing is, we need some type of rules. We have none. We don't have any rules. And whatever rules we do have, they can't be enforced.”
On his Monday-night radio show, said the biggest need in college athletics is rules that can actually be enforced; called the Protect College Sports Act a mixed bag but praised its bipartisan backing.
Governance & legislation
Steve Scalise, U.S. House Majority Leader (R-La.) · · 12-team/revenue-sharing (2024-26) · permalink
“strong antitrust protections for schools to be able to govern themselves, so that courts don't overrule the decisions made by the schools, and you have people playing in their fifth and sixth and seventh year at their fourth school. And they're not getting an education because they're not even getting transferable credits. I mean, nobody wants that. We can fix it, and we're going to.”
Told The Washington Sun (as quoted by Roll Call on Oct. 5, 2026) that House changes to the Senate-passed Protect College Sports Act would focus on antitrust protection so schools can govern themselves. He has also criticized the bill for not barring athletes from being classified as employees.
Governance & legislation Transfer portal Employment & unions
Randy Levine, New York Yankees president; vice-chair of President Trump's Saving College Sports roundtable · · 12-team/revenue-sharing (2024-26) · permalink
“Schools in the ACC, principally Florida State, Miami, who want to blow up the ACC, the problem with that is that they have nowhere to go. I've talked to the Big Ten yesterday, and the SEC. And they have no plans to expand.”
Said ACC schools lobbying to loosen the Protect College Sports Act's realignment limits are fighting a losing battle, because the Big Ten and SEC told him they have no plans to expand.
Conference realignment Governance & legislation
Charlie Baker, NCAA president · · 12-team/revenue-sharing (2024-26) · permalink
“When I was governor, I signed hundreds of bills. I never signed a bill that was perfect. There's always stuff in there you don't like, OK? That's called democracy. I think this thing is much better for college sports than not.”
At Puck's In the Arena conference, Baker predicted the Protect College Sports Act still has a real chance in the House after the midterms. He named agent regulation, age-based eligibility, transfer limits and revenue-sharing rules as its most important parts.
Governance & legislation Eligibility Transfer portal
Greg Sankey, SEC commissioner · · 12-team/revenue-sharing (2024-26) · permalink
“Like, does academics matter or not? If it does, then the fact that we've got people transferring six times during a college career is unacceptable.”
In a Puck interview, Sankey said the sport has to decide whether academics matter, and backed the Protect College Sports Act's eligibility limits and transfer restrictions.
Transfer portal Eligibility
Greg Sankey, SEC commissioner · · 12-team/revenue-sharing (2024-26) · permalink
“I think the notion of a pot of gold at the end of the rainbow for combined media rights in this environment is a nice story to tell, but it's really about control.”
Said the part of the Protect College Sports Act he dislikes is pooled media rights, calling the promise that some 130 programs would triple their money 'fiction'.
Pay, NIL & revenue sharing Governance & legislation
Ramogi Huma, Executive director, National College Players Association · · 12-team/revenue-sharing (2024-26) · permalink
“A player can do everything right and still be victimized two or three times by one coaching decision: losing his roster spot, being forced to burn his one penalty-free transfer, and, if he has already transferred once, potentially losing a year of eligibility just trying to find somewhere else to play. Meanwhile, the coach faces no restriction on how many players he can run off or how many transfers he can bring in to replace them.”
Argued the Protect College Sports Act's one-free-transfer rule punishes players for coaches' roster decisions while placing no limits on coaches who run players off or change jobs.
Transfer portal Governance & legislation
Rich Rodriguez, West Virginia head coach · · 12-team/revenue-sharing (2024-26) · permalink
“Nobody wants to have them as an employee. I don't know how a guy gets paid that much money, and he's not an employee, right? Then if you're an employee, you could probably have a collective bargaining thing.”
Days after the Senate passed the Protect College Sports Act, Rodriguez said college athletes should be employees, which would open the door to collective bargaining.
Employment & unions Pay, NIL & revenue sharing
Rich Rodriguez, West Virginia head coach · · 12-team/revenue-sharing (2024-26) · permalink
“I'm hoping it passes the House, and then you'll get some sense of structure. If it doesn't pass the House and it goes on, I'm telling y'all it's a mess.”
Urged the House to pass the Protect College Sports Act, calling it a necessary first step that still leaves room for a future collective bargaining agreement.
Governance & legislation
Tim Buckley, NCAA senior vice president for external affairs · · 12-team/revenue-sharing (2024-26) · permalink
“Over the next few weeks, your continued advocacy is essential to keep up the momentum. The message is clear: Pass the PCSA as drafted as soon as possible. Amending the bill at this point would almost certainly make it impossible to get it to the President's desk this Congress.”
In a memo to schools sent shortly after the Senate passed the Protect College Sports Act on Sept. 28 (obtained by The Washington Sun), urged schools to press the House to pass the bill unchanged, warning amendments would likely kill it this Congress.
Governance & legislation
Rand Paul, U.S. Senator (R-Ky.) · · 12-team/revenue-sharing (2024-26) · permalink
“Government has shirked its real duties — deciding issues of national importance — to focus on something it knows nothing about.”
Opposed the Protect College Sports Act in an op-ed, arguing that government shouldn't take control of college sports.
Governance & legislation
Steve Berman, Co-lead plaintiff attorney, House v. NCAA · · 12-team/revenue-sharing (2024-26) · permalink
“There is no cap on the amount of NIL deals. We would not agree to change that. That would be trying to restrict competition.”
Open to raising the revenue-share cap inside the settlement only if it stays soft; warned that a conference-built hard cap is 'not possible without our permission', though a one-free-transfer conference rule might survive.
Pay, NIL & revenue sharing Governance & legislation
Tony Petitti, Big Ten commissioner · · 12-team/revenue-sharing (2024-26) · permalink
“That's not necessarily breaking away, that doesn't mean you're not going to play anybody else. But is there a path to have rules that we can at least operate from the conference?”
Asked about Sankey's 'breakaway' remarks, said the question is whether conference-based rules are needed if the Protect College Sports Act fails; that is not a breakaway, but the Big Ten is preparing for every scenario.
Governance & legislation Structure: super league & divisions
Greg Sankey, SEC commissioner · · 12-team/revenue-sharing (2024-26) · permalink
“I think the notion that we would simply rush to say we support is not the appropriate position.”
On The Paul Finebaum Show, denied any SEC–Big Ten merger or super league plan, calling claims by Protect College Sports Act backers 'not consistent with the truth'; declined to endorse the bill yet and questioned voluntary media-rights pooling.
Structure: super league & divisions Governance & legislation
Nick Saban, Former Alabama head coach; ESPN analyst · · 12-team/revenue-sharing (2024-26) · permalink
“Congress does need to fix the mess in the courts and create a national framework so the people inside college sports can enforce fair rules.”
Testifying before the Senate Commerce Committee in support of the Protect College Sports Act, Saban asked Congress to create a national legal framework so people inside college sports can enforce fair rules, distinguishing real NIL from disguised pay-for-play.
Governance & legislation Pay, NIL & revenue sharing Transfer portal
Nick Saban, Former Alabama head coach; ESPN analyst · · 12-team/revenue-sharing (2024-26) · permalink
“Free agency with a collective, now you're talking about bidding war for players.”
At the Senate hearing Saban proposed one transfer opportunity, with another allowed after graduation or in extenuating circumstances, arguing unlimited transfers plus collectives create free agency and bidding wars that hurt development.
Transfer portal Eligibility
Nick Saban, Former Alabama head coach; ESPN analyst · · 12-team/revenue-sharing (2024-26) · permalink
“When the system becomes whoever raises the most money gets the best players, then we are no longer talking about college athletics as millions of fans and I have known it.”
In written sworn testimony, Saban said athletes should be compensated for legitimate NIL but warned against turning NIL into a pay-for-play bidding war run through collectives, and called the PCSA a bipartisan effort to bring order.
Pay, NIL & revenue sharing Governance & legislation
Maria Cantwell, U.S. Senator (D-Wash.), Commerce Committee ranking member · · 12-team/revenue-sharing (2024-26) · permalink
“We agree today that college athletics are in crisis, and we agree that the system is broken and unsustainable”
Co-sponsor of the Protect College Sports Act; called the system broken and pushed amending the Sports Broadcasting Act to pool media rights and 'grow the pie'.
Governance & legislation Pay, NIL & revenue sharing
Teresa Gould, Pac-12 commissioner · · 12-team/revenue-sharing (2024-26) · permalink
“The window for meaningful reform is short and the cost of inaction is real.”
Backed the Protect College Sports Act's Commission on the Future of College Athletics to study deeper structural reforms; said the window for reform is short.
Governance & legislation
Lance Holtzclaw, Utah defensive end (formerly Washington); Senate Commerce witness · · 12-team/revenue-sharing (2024-26) · permalink
“I have experienced the impact of NIL, the transfer portal, conference realignment, evolving eligibility rules, and the many changes shaping modern college athletics.”
Testifying on the Protect College Sports Act, said a national NIL framework would remove 'gray area' for athletes and that behind every policy debate are real students; noted coaching turnover disrupts development.
Governance & legislation Transfer portal Conference realignment Eligibility

All quotes →

Sources

  1. Congress.gov: S.4668, Protect College Sports Act of 2026: all actions
  2. Congress.gov: S. 4668 as introduced (text), June 2, 2026
  3. Senate Commerce Committee: Section-by-section summary, Protect College Sports Act of 2026 (posted Aug. 2026)
  4. Senate Commerce Committee: Senate Passes Protect College Sports Act 77-22 (Democratic press release), Sept. 28, 2026
  5. Congress.gov: H.R.9137, Protect College Sports Act of 2026 (House companion): actions
  6. Rep. Michael Baumgartner: Baumgartner Introduces House Companion to Bipartisan Protect College Sports Act of 2026, June 4, 2026
  7. USA Today: Protect College Sports Act passed the Senate. Here's how it voted., Sept. 29, 2026
  8. Reuters (via Investing.com): Explainer: Five things to know about the college sports bill that passed the US Senate, Sept. 29, 2026
  9. AFL-CIO: College Athletes Voice Opposition to Protect College Sports Bill, Sept. 15, 2026
  10. FOX Sports: Why are Player Organizations Against the Protect College Sports Act?, Sept. 2026
  11. Bloomberg Government: College Sports Legislation Proceeds to Uncertain Vote in House, Oct. 2, 2026
  12. The Washington Sun: Ted Cruz's Bid to Pass His College Sports Bill Soon Is Falling Short, Oct. 1, 2026
  13. Roll Call: Employee question could stall Senate college sports bill at midfield in House, Oct. 5, 2026
  14. On3: Brett Yormark 'not sure we can entertain many changes' to PCSA in House, Oct. 12, 2026
  15. AL.com: Tuberville votes no on procedural measure for Protect College Sports Act, Sept. 2026
  16. The New Republic: The Surprising Issue Dividing Senate Dems Right Now, Sept. 2026
  17. News4Jax (AP): ACC's Phillips touts league's health amid questions of possible departures, Oct. 6, 2026
  18. Congress.gov: H.R.4312, SCORE Act (119th Congress)
  19. USA Today: Congress pulls SCORE Act before vote, Dec. 3, 2025
  20. Office of the Clerk, U.S. House: Roll Call 309 (H. Res. 916, rule for H.R. 4312), Dec. 2, 2025
  21. The American Presidency Project: Remarks during roundtable discussion on saving college sports, March 6, 2026
  22. Senate Commerce Committee: Committee hears testimony on fixing the college sports crisis (Democratic press release), June 3, 2026