“But compensation on revenue sharing is probably the most important thing we could possibly enshrine in federal law today. This is [Congress] saying, for the first time, that an athlete gets a percentage of the media rights, the ticket sales and the sponsorship.”
Protect College Sports Act
Updated Oct. 15, 2026. Official = congressional record or official release. Reported = media reports, not yet official.
Status: passed the Senate, waiting on the House. The bipartisan Cruz-Cantwell bill (S. 4668) passed the Senate 77-22 on Sept. 28, 2026 [Congress.gov]. It would create a federal NIL right, cap agent fees, require medical coverage, limit transfers, lock in revenue-sharing limits, override state NIL laws and give the NCAA and conferences limited antitrust protection. The House is expected to act after the Nov. 3 midterms; any House changes would send it back to the Senate [Bloomberg Government] [The Washington Sun].
Key facts
| Detail | Source | |
|---|---|---|
| Senate bill | S. 4668, Protect College Sports Act of 2026 (119th Congress) | [Congress.gov] |
| Lead sponsor | Sen. Ted Cruz (R-Texas), Commerce Committee chairman | [Congress.gov] [Congress.gov] |
| Introduced | June 2, 2026, with original cosponsors Sens. Maria Cantwell (D-Wash.), Eric Schmitt (R-Mo.) and Chris Coons (D-Del.); referred to Senate Commerce | [Congress.gov] |
| Senate status | Passed Senate 77-22, Sept. 28, 2026 (Record Vote 250), with an amendment | [Congress.gov] |
| House status | Received and held at the desk, Oct. 5, 2026. No House vote yet | [Congress.gov] |
| House companion | H.R. 9137 by Rep. Michael Baumgartner (R-Wash.), introduced June 4, 2026; referred to Judiciary, Energy and Commerce, and Education and Workforce. No action since | [Congress.gov] [Rep. Michael Baumgartner] |
| Length | About 111 pages as introduced; three titles (athlete protections, sports broadcasting, HBCU media program) | [Congress.gov] [Senate Commerce Committee] |
What's in the bill
Plain-language outline, based mainly on the Senate Commerce Committee's section-by-section summary [Senate Commerce Committee]. Final Senate amendments are noted where they changed a section.
| Topic | What it does | Source |
|---|---|---|
| NIL rights | A federal right to earn NIL money and hire agents without losing eligibility or scholarships. Larger NIL deals must be disclosed (Reuters: deals over $600). Division I schools report anonymized NIL data to a privacy-protected database to help athletes judge fair market value. (Secs. 101, 104) | [Senate Commerce Committee] [Reuters (via Investing.com)] |
| Agents | Agents must register; fees capped at 5%; athletic associations keep a public registry and can decertify or fine agents; athletes can sue abusive agents. (Secs. 102–103) | [Senate Commerce Committee] |
| Revenue sharing & the House settlement | Bars pay arrangements and NIL deals meant to dodge the revenue-sharing cap or disguise pay-for-play; no pay to recruits. Adds a $22.5M retention fund above the cap, plus up to $5M more matched to pay for non-revenue sports. USA Today reports this lifts the cap from $21.3M to as much as $48.8M. Sponsors and media-rights holders must certify NIL deals didn't originate with the school. The cap and retention fund end when the House settlement ends unless Congress votes to extend them. (Secs. 114–115) | [Senate Commerce Committee] [USA Today] |
| Coach pay limit | Schools with more than $80M in athletic revenue can't pay coaching staff more than $500,000 from sources other than college sports revenue or athletic donations. (Sec. 114) | [Senate Commerce Committee] |
| Transfers | One transfer without losing eligibility. A second transfer means sitting out a year, with exceptions (head-coach departure, discontinued sport, graduate study, misconduct cases). (Sec. 112) | [Senate Commerce Committee] [Reuters (via Investing.com)] |
| Eligibility | Baseline Division I/II rules: academic standards, limits on former pros, a five-years-to-play framework, with exceptions for pregnancy, religious missions, military service and serious injury. (Sec. 113) | [Senate Commerce Committee] [Reuters (via Investing.com)] |
| Recruiting & tampering | Associations may enforce rules against tampering and inducements outside transfer windows. No mid-season coaching moves: football coaches can't effectively take over another FBS program during the same season. (Secs. 110, 117) | [Senate Commerce Committee] |
| Scholarships & academics | Scholarships can't be cut for performance, injury or roster moves; guaranteed for 10 years after eligibility so athletes can finish degrees (per sponsors). No pressure over course or major choices. (Sec. 105) | [Senate Commerce Committee] [Senate Commerce Committee] |
| Medical coverage & safety | Division I schools pay out-of-pocket costs for sports injuries during college and for five years after; catastrophic coverage; a $60M medical trust fund (can grow to $100M). Federal standards on concussions, heat illness, sickle cell, abuse and hazing. An independent athlete ombudsman. (Secs. 106–108) | [Senate Commerce Committee] |
| Athlete voice | At least one-third of certain association boards and rulemaking committees must be current or recent athletes; mid-sized conferences must be represented. (Secs. 111, 126) | [Senate Commerce Committee] |
| Antitrust protection | Limited antitrust shield for schools, conferences and associations that enforce the bill's rules on pay, eligibility, transfers, agents and recruiting. A conference or association may designate an entity under the House settlement to enforce the cap (the College Sports Commission's role under the settlement). (Sec. 118) | [Senate Commerce Committee] |
| Lawsuits & whistleblowers | Athletes can sue over specified violations, after notice and a chance to fix them; whistleblower protection for reporting violations of the Act or Title IX. (Secs. 119–120) | [Senate Commerce Committee] |
| State laws (preemption) | Overrides state and local laws on NIL, transfers and eligibility. Keeps civil rights, tort, criminal, privacy, contract and consumer-protection law. Baldwin amendment SA 6828 changed this section before passage. (Sec. 121) | [Senate Commerce Committee] [Congress.gov] |
| Employee status | Neutral. The bill does not decide whether athletes are employees. (The SCORE Act would have said they are not.) (Sec. 122) | [Senate Commerce Committee] [Congress.gov] |
| Women's & Olympic sports, Title IX | NCAA can't lower the number of sports required for Division I or FBS; certain large and mid-sized schools must keep 2024–25 levels of scholarships and roster spots in non-revenue sports. A Title IX savings clause says nothing in the bill changes Title IX. Comparable standards at men's and women's championships. (Secs. 109, 125, 127) | [Senate Commerce Committee] |
| Commission | A bipartisan congressional Commission on the Future of College Athletics to study pay, spending limits, Olympic and women's sports, health and the long-term structure of the sport. (Sec. 116) | [Senate Commerce Committee] |
| Media rights (Title II) | Antitrust exemption letting schools and conferences voluntarily pool and sell certain media rights if 75% of FBS schools agree, with rules on revenue sharing, rivalries and support for the medical fund. At least one free local broadcast option for football and basketball. Season and postseason should end by Jan. 8 "to the extent practicable"; protects the Army-Navy window. (Secs. 202–207) | [Senate Commerce Committee] |
| Realignment limits (Title II) | Bars large-revenue conferences from merging or poaching schools that have played in a large-revenue conference in the past five years; a large-revenue conference could add other schools up to 19 members per the August summary. Moody amendment SA 6831 changed this section before passage, and reports since then describe a 20-school cap. (Sec. 205) | [Senate Commerce Committee] [Congress.gov] [News4Jax (AP)] |
| HBCU program (Title III) | NTIA grants for HBCU broadband, media and sports-broadcast infrastructure; $180M a year authorized for FY2027–2032. (Secs. 301–307) | [Senate Commerce Committee] |
| Domestic athletes | A policy statement that schools should prioritize domestic athletes. (Sec. 128) | [Senate Commerce Committee] |
Sponsors and cosponsors
| Member | Party | State | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ted Cruz | R | Texas | Sponsor |
| Maria Cantwell | D | Wash. | Original cosponsor; co-lead |
| Eric Schmitt | R | Mo. | Original cosponsor |
| Chris Coons | D | Del. | Original cosponsor |
| Peter Welch | D | Vt. | Cosponsor |
| Shelley Moore Capito | R | W.Va. | Cosponsor |
| John Hickenlooper | D | Colo. | Cosponsor |
| Pete Ricketts | R | Neb. | Cosponsor |
| Ben Ray Luján | D | N.M. | Cosponsor |
| John Hoeven | R | N.D. | Cosponsor |
| Michael Baumgartner | R | Wash.-5 | House companion H.R. 9137; chair, Congressional College Sports Caucus |
Senate cosponsors as listed by the Commerce Committee on Sept. 28 [Senate Commerce Committee]; original cosponsors from the introduced text [Congress.gov]. House: [Rep. Michael Baumgartner]
The Senate vote
Final passage was 77-22 (Sen. Dan Sullivan did not vote). Republicans voted 51-2 in favor; Democrats and the two independents split 27-20. No senator from Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York or Rhode Island voted yes [USA Today].
Voted no: Angela Alsobrooks (D-Md.), Richard Blumenthal (D-Conn.), Lisa Blunt Rochester (D-Del.), Cory Booker (D-N.J.), Tammy Duckworth (D-Ill.), Kirsten Gillibrand (D-N.Y.), Tim Kaine (D-Va.), Mark Kelly (D-Ariz.), Andy Kim (D-N.J.), Ed Markey (D-Mass.), Jeff Merkley (D-Ore.), Chris Murphy (D-Conn.), Rand Paul (R-Ky.), Jack Reed (D-R.I.), Bernie Sanders (I-Vt.), Adam Schiff (D-Calif.), Chuck Schumer (D-N.Y.), Rick Scott (R-Fla.), Chris Van Hollen (D-Md.), Raphael Warnock (D-Ga.), Elizabeth Warren (D-Mass.), Sheldon Whitehouse (D-R.I.) [USA Today]
Floor amendments, Sept. 28
| Amendment | What it would do | Result |
|---|---|---|
| SA 6828 (Baldwin) | Changes the section on relationship to existing law | Adopted 96-1 |
| SA 6830 (Scott, S.C.) | Requires disclosure of foreign financing of college athletics | Adopted by voice vote |
| SA 6831 (Moody) | Changes the ban on certain conference mergers and acquisitions | Adopted by voice vote |
| SA 6758 (Paul) | "To improve the bill" | Rejected 1-94 |
| SA 6760 (Kennedy) | Limits price increases for college athletics tickets | Rejected 42-54 (needed 60) |
| SA 6805 (Booker) | Raises funding limit for post-eligibility insurance and catastrophic injury coverage | Rejected 49-50 |
| SA 6835 (Booker) | Sets certain standards for coaches of varsity teams | Rejected 47-52 |
Supporters
| Who | Position | Source |
|---|---|---|
| President Donald Trump | Has endorsed the bill and signaled he would sign it. | [USA Today] |
| NCAA (Charlie Baker; Tim Buckley) | Backs the bill; urged schools to press the House to pass it unchanged. | [USA Today] [The Washington Sun] |
| Big Ten (Tony Petitti) | "Aggressively supporting" the bill and lobbying House members. | quotes |
| Big 12 (Brett Yormark) | Says it gets about 80% right; House should take it largely as is. | [On3] |
| ACC (Jim Phillips) | 14 schools back it; four want realignment changes. | [News4Jax (AP)] |
| Pac-12 (Teresa Gould) | Backed the bill's commission to study deeper reforms at the June hearing. | [Senate Commerce Committee] |
| CFP executive director Rich Clark | Endorsed it Oct. 8. | quotes |
| Nick Saban | Testified in support at the June 3 Senate hearing. | [Senate Commerce Committee] |
| SEC (Greg Sankey) | Mixed: backs eligibility and transfer limits but dislikes the pooled media-rights section; declined to endorse in June. | quotes |
Opponents and critics
| Who | Stated reasons | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Sen. Cory Booker (D-N.J.) | Says the bill serves wealthy coaches, schools and the NCAA, not athletes. His amendments on injury coverage and coach standards failed. | [USA Today] [Congress.gov] |
| Sen. Chris Murphy (D-Conn.) | Calls it protection for "a system of exploitation" that suppresses athlete pay; reportedly pushed a collective-bargaining amendment. | [AFL-CIO] [FOX Sports] |
| Sens. Rand Paul (R-Ky.), Rick Scott (R-Fla.) | Only Republicans voting no on final passage. Paul argued government shouldn't take control of college sports. | [USA Today] |
| Sen. Tommy Tuberville (R-Ala.) | Voted no on a procedural vote, saying "there's too much government involvement in it" (via POLITICO); USA Today's tally lists him as yes on final passage. | [AL.com] [USA Today] |
| House Republicans | Reps. Tim Walberg (Education & Workforce chair), Brett Guthrie (Energy & Commerce chair), Majority Leader Steve Scalise, Jimmy Patronis and Neal Dunn have publicly critiqued the bill. Scalise wants changes focused on antitrust protection and has faulted it for not barring employee status. | Reported [USA Today] [Roll Call] |
| Congressional Black Caucus; Leader Hakeem Jeffries | CBC came out against the bill in August; Jeffries reiterated that opposition in late September. | Reported [USA Today] |
| NAACP (Derrick Johnson) | Says it shields institutions and asks Black athletes to give up rights and leverage; HBCUs deserve direct investment, not a trade-off. | [AFL-CIO] |
| National College Players Association (Ramogi Huma) | Says schools could violate the bill's protections and still be immune from damages; one-free-transfer rule punishes players but not coaches. | [AFL-CIO] |
| College Football Players Association (Jason Stahl) | Written without athlete input; restrictions fall on players, not coaches or administrators; antitrust exemption removes pressure to bargain. | [FOX Sports] |
| Athletes.org (Brandon Copeland); United College Athletes Association | "Protects schools, not athletes"; want collective bargaining instead. | [AFL-CIO] |
| AFL-CIO and pro players' unions (NWSL PA, USL PA-CWA, NLL PA) | Say it caps pay, blocks collective bargaining and could undercut Title IX. | [AFL-CIO] |
| Four ACC schools (Clemson, Florida State, Miami, North Carolina) | Back the bill overall but lobby to change realignment limits (22-school cap instead of 20; no waiting period to switch leagues). | [News4Jax (AP)] |
Timeline
| Date | What happened | Status | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dec. 2–3, 2025 | House rule for the SCORE Act (H.R. 4312) passes 210-209; leaders pull the final vote the next day. | Official | [Office of the Clerk, U.S. House] [USA Today] |
| March 6, 2026 | White House "Saving College Sports" roundtable; President Trump, Nick Saban, NCAA's Charlie Baker and commissioners discuss the SCORE Act and federal action. | Official | [The American Presidency Project] |
| June 2, 2026 | Cruz, Cantwell, Schmitt and Coons introduce S. 4668. | Official | [Congress.gov] |
| June 3, 2026 | Senate Commerce hearing; witnesses include Nick Saban, Pac-12 commissioner Teresa Gould and Utah's Lance Holtzclaw. | Official | [Senate Commerce Committee] |
| June 4, 2026 | Rep. Baumgartner introduces the House companion, H.R. 9137. | Official | [Congress.gov] [Rep. Michael Baumgartner] |
| June 18, 2026 | Commerce Committee orders the bill reported with a substitute amendment. | Official | [Congress.gov] |
| June 24, 2026 | Reported to the Senate; placed on the calendar (No. 449). | Official | [Congress.gov] |
| Aug. 5, 2026 | Cloture motion filed on the motion to proceed. | Official | [Congress.gov] |
| Sept. 15, 2026 | Cloture on the motion to proceed invoked 74-24. Same day: athletes, unions, the NAACP and Sen. Chris Murphy hold an event opposing the bill. | Official | [Congress.gov] [AFL-CIO] |
| Sept. 17, 2026 | Motion to proceed agreed to 77-22; Cruz substitute (SA 6776) offered. | Official | [Congress.gov] |
| Sept. 22–24, 2026 | Cloture on the substitute 70-21; substitute adopted 77-23; cloture on the bill 74-25. | Official | [Congress.gov] |
| Sept. 28, 2026 | Amendment votes, then final passage 77-22. | Official | [Congress.gov] [Senate Commerce Committee] |
| Oct. 5, 2026 | Received in the House and held at the desk. | Official | [Congress.gov] |
| Nov. 3, 2026 | Midterm elections. House leaders say they will take the bill up after the election, in the lame-duck session. | Reported | [Bloomberg Government] [The Washington Sun] |
| Dec. 17–18, 2026 | Reported last scheduled days of this Congress. If the bill doesn't pass both chambers in identical form by then, it dies and must be reintroduced. | Reported | [On3] [USA Today] |
History: from the SCORE Act to the PCSA
- SCORE Act (H.R. 4312), the House's earlier NCAA-backed bill: reported Sept. 11, 2025. It would have barred athletes from being employees, preempted state laws (including on employment status) and required schools with $20M+ in athletic revenue to fund medical care and keep at least 16 sports [Congress.gov].
- On Dec. 2, 2025 the rule to bring it up passed 210-209 with no Democratic votes; GOP leaders pulled the final vote on Dec. 3 amid opposition from Rep. Chip Roy and the Congressional Black Caucus [Office of the Clerk, U.S. House] [USA Today]. USA Today later reported CBC opposition "helped sink" the SCORE Act in May 2026 [USA Today].
- March 6, 2026: President Trump's White House roundtable on saving college sports, where commissioners backed the SCORE Act and Texas Tech's Cody Campbell urged a compromise that could get 60 Senate votes [The American Presidency Project].
- June 2026: Cruz and Cantwell, previously on opposing sides, introduce the PCSA. Key differences from SCORE: it is neutral on employee status and adds pooled media rights, realignment limits and a commission [Senate Commerce Committee].
Open questions
- Full list of House cosponsors of H.R. 9137 (Congress.gov's cosponsor page couldn't be loaded for this update).
- Final Senate-passed text, section by section: the summary used here is the Commerce Committee's August version. Amendments adopted Sept. 28 (Baldwin on preemption, Moody on mergers, Scott on foreign financing) changed parts of it.
- Exact realignment cap in the passed bill: the August summary says 19 members; later reports say 20.
- Whether the House will amend the bill (which would send it back to the Senate) or pass it as is, and whether there is time before Congress ends in mid-December.
- Lobbying spending by ESPN, Fox or other networks on this bill: no reliable reporting found, so not listed.
- How the College Sports Commission's enforcement role would work under the bill beyond Sec. 118's designation language.
Related: 24-team playoff plan (the bill says the season should end by Jan. 8 where practicable) · Money hub
What football figures and lawmakers are saying (43)
“This is a bill not about college athletes. This is a bill about wealthy people. Wealthy coaches, wealthy institutions, and an NCAA who's enjoyed unbridled power for decades as we watch discrimination, hardships, injustice, and, finally, athletes started getting some power in the equation.”
“It would be nice if college sports could somehow magically fix itself, but this is a matter of law, federal law, and only Congress can fix it.”
“Now the bill moves to the U.S. House of Representatives and there is much work left to do to ensure student-athlete benefits are codified into federal law and future generations of young people can access those benefits and use college sports as the launching point for their careers.”
“I think the bill is necessary, and it's not a perfect bill. I don't think we'd ever be able to come up with a perfect bill.”
“What this bill does, at its core, is protect a system of exploitation. This bill protects the billions of dollars that coaches and executives are making by suppressing compensation for some of the most highly valued athletes in the world.”
“Instead, it shields powerful institutions from accountability while asking Black athletes to surrender their rights, their leverage, and their voice.”
“This bill is clearly not ready for a vote. Congress should stop rushing it and fully vet these problems before asking members to vote.”
“The PCSA protects schools, not athletes. It rolls back athletes' hard-earned rights while protecting the financial interests of the NCAA, its member conferences, universities and coaches.”
“This is a bill being made without athletes' input, and it reads like that. It reads like all the restrictions laid out in the bill are almost exclusively put on athletes and not on coaches and administrators.”
“Do not give the institutions permanent legal protection without having independent athlete representation.”
“Do not create a federal system that protects institutions better than it protects student-athletes.”
“President Trump is right: college sports are at a breaking point, and Congress needs to act.”
“Because if you want to have a national championship, there's a whole bunch of things where you need to have a national rule.”
“So, there's probably some things in it you like, some things you don't like — that's usually the case when you have compromise in agreement. But I think all coaches – I mean, we don't really have any rules right now. We just don't. There's no rules. So, hopefully something good will come out of it.”
“I think if you can get 80% of it right, we've landed in a great spot. And our goal is hopefully for the House to take it as is. Obviously, that'll require some work and conversation, but that's the scenario we're hoping for.”
“The bill has already outperformed. I think if you'd have said back in the summer, it could get the support that it got and [be] bipartisan, a tribute to Senators Cruz, [Maria] Cantwell and [Eric] Schmitt for the work they did. … It's already done better. So I'm just going to continue to be optimistic that members of the House will listen to the groups that are involved and take guidance.”
“The bill isn't going to stop every possible thing. That's not what it's intended to do. In areas like eligibility, transfer, legislating litigation around NIL, states trying to come over the top of the system, and the settlement, this will clean all that up, and so that's really critical.”
“There's a couple things that aren't universally accepted, but I think that—and this is just me—but 80% of it is good. And if you get a bill from Congress, Congress is great. But an 80% where people agree to it? That's pretty awesome.”
“Clemson has consistently supported the PCSA while advocating for a narrowly tailored provision addressing conference composition. This critical flexibility would strengthen the legislation without undermining its core objectives. Clemson is not seeking to delay or derail the PCSA. We are working to ensure the final legislation protects the ability of institutions to adapt, compete and succeed at all levels.”
“Supporting the bill and seeking to improve it are not in conflict. Congress can protect college sports without litigating conference composition, and we look forward to working with the House to get this legislation enacted.”
“I think it had to get to the point where it became bad enough in college athletics that Congress finally decided that the NCAA was not going to be able to fix this. This is a problem that is just going to continue to get worse unless Congress steps in.”
“We have 14 schools that feel really good about it that want to sign it, and we have four schools that have an issue with a portion of it. So that's what I'm going to continue to push towards the decision makers and those that have written the bill to date.”
“First of all, I think the biggest thing is, we need some type of rules. We have none. We don't have any rules. And whatever rules we do have, they can't be enforced.”
“strong antitrust protections for schools to be able to govern themselves, so that courts don't overrule the decisions made by the schools, and you have people playing in their fifth and sixth and seventh year at their fourth school. And they're not getting an education because they're not even getting transferable credits. I mean, nobody wants that. We can fix it, and we're going to.”
“Schools in the ACC, principally Florida State, Miami, who want to blow up the ACC, the problem with that is that they have nowhere to go. I've talked to the Big Ten yesterday, and the SEC. And they have no plans to expand.”
“When I was governor, I signed hundreds of bills. I never signed a bill that was perfect. There's always stuff in there you don't like, OK? That's called democracy. I think this thing is much better for college sports than not.”
“Like, does academics matter or not? If it does, then the fact that we've got people transferring six times during a college career is unacceptable.”
“I think the notion of a pot of gold at the end of the rainbow for combined media rights in this environment is a nice story to tell, but it's really about control.”
“A player can do everything right and still be victimized two or three times by one coaching decision: losing his roster spot, being forced to burn his one penalty-free transfer, and, if he has already transferred once, potentially losing a year of eligibility just trying to find somewhere else to play. Meanwhile, the coach faces no restriction on how many players he can run off or how many transfers he can bring in to replace them.”
“Nobody wants to have them as an employee. I don't know how a guy gets paid that much money, and he's not an employee, right? Then if you're an employee, you could probably have a collective bargaining thing.”
“I'm hoping it passes the House, and then you'll get some sense of structure. If it doesn't pass the House and it goes on, I'm telling y'all it's a mess.”
“Over the next few weeks, your continued advocacy is essential to keep up the momentum. The message is clear: Pass the PCSA as drafted as soon as possible. Amending the bill at this point would almost certainly make it impossible to get it to the President's desk this Congress.”
“Government has shirked its real duties — deciding issues of national importance — to focus on something it knows nothing about.”
“There is no cap on the amount of NIL deals. We would not agree to change that. That would be trying to restrict competition.”
“That's not necessarily breaking away, that doesn't mean you're not going to play anybody else. But is there a path to have rules that we can at least operate from the conference?”
“I think the notion that we would simply rush to say we support is not the appropriate position.”
“Congress does need to fix the mess in the courts and create a national framework so the people inside college sports can enforce fair rules.”
“Free agency with a collective, now you're talking about bidding war for players.”
“When the system becomes whoever raises the most money gets the best players, then we are no longer talking about college athletics as millions of fans and I have known it.”
“We agree today that college athletics are in crisis, and we agree that the system is broken and unsustainable”
“The window for meaningful reform is short and the cost of inaction is real.”
“I have experienced the impact of NIL, the transfer portal, conference realignment, evolving eligibility rules, and the many changes shaping modern college athletics.”
Sources
- Congress.gov: S.4668, Protect College Sports Act of 2026: all actions
- Congress.gov: S. 4668 as introduced (text), June 2, 2026
- Senate Commerce Committee: Section-by-section summary, Protect College Sports Act of 2026 (posted Aug. 2026)
- Senate Commerce Committee: Senate Passes Protect College Sports Act 77-22 (Democratic press release), Sept. 28, 2026
- Congress.gov: H.R.9137, Protect College Sports Act of 2026 (House companion): actions
- Rep. Michael Baumgartner: Baumgartner Introduces House Companion to Bipartisan Protect College Sports Act of 2026, June 4, 2026
- USA Today: Protect College Sports Act passed the Senate. Here's how it voted., Sept. 29, 2026
- Reuters (via Investing.com): Explainer: Five things to know about the college sports bill that passed the US Senate, Sept. 29, 2026
- AFL-CIO: College Athletes Voice Opposition to Protect College Sports Bill, Sept. 15, 2026
- FOX Sports: Why are Player Organizations Against the Protect College Sports Act?, Sept. 2026
- Bloomberg Government: College Sports Legislation Proceeds to Uncertain Vote in House, Oct. 2, 2026
- The Washington Sun: Ted Cruz's Bid to Pass His College Sports Bill Soon Is Falling Short, Oct. 1, 2026
- Roll Call: Employee question could stall Senate college sports bill at midfield in House, Oct. 5, 2026
- On3: Brett Yormark 'not sure we can entertain many changes' to PCSA in House, Oct. 12, 2026
- AL.com: Tuberville votes no on procedural measure for Protect College Sports Act, Sept. 2026
- The New Republic: The Surprising Issue Dividing Senate Dems Right Now, Sept. 2026
- News4Jax (AP): ACC's Phillips touts league's health amid questions of possible departures, Oct. 6, 2026
- Congress.gov: H.R.4312, SCORE Act (119th Congress)
- USA Today: Congress pulls SCORE Act before vote, Dec. 3, 2025
- Office of the Clerk, U.S. House: Roll Call 309 (H. Res. 916, rule for H.R. 4312), Dec. 2, 2025
- The American Presidency Project: Remarks during roundtable discussion on saving college sports, March 6, 2026
- Senate Commerce Committee: Committee hears testimony on fixing the college sports crisis (Democratic press release), June 3, 2026